PrintBanning Russia, Banning Russians
Should Russian culture be banned or canceled to punish Russia and Vladimir Putin for their aggression against Ukraine?
Dramatically, in March 2022, the Metropolitan Opera in New York decided to cut ties with all artists who were regarded as "pro-Putin." As a consequence, Met general manager Peter Gelb dropped from the cast the magnetic soprano, Anna Netrebko, whom he describes as one of the greatest singers in Met history. There was, he said, no way forward because Netrebko had not renounced her support of Putin.
In response, Netrebko replied that she was opposed to "this war[.] I am Russian and I love my country[.] [However, f]orcing artists or any public figure to voice their opinions in public and denounce their homeland is not right. I am not a member of any political party, nor an expert in politics."
The canceling and boycotting of individuals connected in some way with Russia raise troubling issues. The case of this gifted soprano is only one of a number in the stampede to ban those individuals and organizations connected with Russia. One can understand the animus toward Valery Gergiev, general director of the Malinsky Theater and artistic director of the White Nights Festival in St. Petersburg, who is a known friend and supporter of Putin and who has not distanced himself from the Ukraine aggression. He has been asked to resign from various positions in Europe and U.S. as conductor or director. The same is true of Anatoly Karpov, former world chess champion, who became a member of the Russian parliament.
It is appropriate, however, to ask if the animosity and global ostracism toward Russians have gone too far. Does it make sense to ban all Russian culture, art, literature, and music? Why ban Shostakovich's Ninth Symphony, of 1945, because it was commissioned by Stalin, but which is not a celebration of the Stalinist system, but rather a dark and brooding work?
The Lucerne music festival canceled two symphony concerts featuring Russian works. The British Royal Opera house canceled the Moscow Bolshoi ballet. Russia is banned from the Eurovision song contest, which it won in 2008. The swimming backstroke star Evgeny Rylov, who won two gold medals at the Olympics, was removed from his sponsorship of Speedo swimwear and banned from the sport after he appeared at a Putin rally at which he wore a jacket with the Z sign, the symbol of support for the Russian invasion. At the Venice Biennale, the Olympics of the art world, which opened in April, the Russian pavilion will remain closed, whereas the Ukrainian pavilion will be open.
The most striking decision is the ban by the All England Club, Wimbledon Tennis, of Russian and Belarusian tennis players from its two-week grand slam tournament. These players had already been banned from the Davis cup and Billie Jean King cup competitions. The general rule is that would-be grand slam players earn the right to compete based on their professional tennis rankings alone. The Wimbledon decision is the first time a player has been banned because of birthplace since 1946 when Japanese and German players were banned. The Wimbledon ban will include Daniil Medvedev, ranked no. 2 in the world; Andrei Rublev, no. 8; and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, no. 15.
Nine of the top 30 players in the world are banned, including Aryna Sabalenka, no. 4, and Victoria Azarenka, former no. 1. Part of the reason for the Wimbledon decision may be that the tournament will be attended by Kate, the Duchess of Cambridge, patron of Wimbledon. However, the Wimbledon authorities have justified their decision by declaring that "it is our responsibility to play our part in efforts ... to limit Russia's global influence through the strongest means possible."
On this charge, there are differences not only in the West but also in Russia itself. On March 1, 2022, 17,000 Russian artists, historians, and representatives of culture and art in the Russian Federation initiated an open letter to call for peace between Russia and Ukraine. They held that the deployment of the "special operation" by Russia was the "entire construction of the Russian authorities," and they opposed the war being waged, allegedly, on their behalf. They expressed their absolute solidarity with the people of Ukraine. They demanded an immediate stop to all hostilities, the withdrawal of Russian troops from the territory of Ukraine, and the holding of peace talks.
Various performing artists have spoken out against Putin. The conductor Semyon Bychkov canceled performances with the Russian national youth symphony orchestra. There are also conductor Kirill Petrenko at the Berlin Philharmonic; hip-hop and rap artist Oxxxymron; Elena Kovalskaya, an artistic director of the Meyerhold theater in Moscow; and French ballet dancer Laurent Hilaire.
There are two problems: the need for free speech and open discussion and the right of individuals and organizations to make their own decisions and the return of absurd censorship.
Mikhail Baryshnikov, the former ballet dancer who was born in Riga, Latvia, and defected from Russia and the Kirov ballet to the U.S., commented that an open exchange in the arts is always a good thing. "I don't think it's right to put the weight of a country's political decisions on the backs of artists or athletes, who may leave vulnerable family members in their own country." He has, with other prominent individuals, created "True Russia," a GoFundMe campaign to spread a better understanding of Russian culture, as well as to raise money to help refugees.
It is worth considering whether these bans and boycotts already imposed have an effect on Putin. Do Western actions such as removing music by Tchaikovsky from the program of the Cardiff Orchestra, or canceling a university course on Dostoevsky, or not drinking vodka, or eating in a Russian-style restaurant, or forgoing borscht or beef stroganoff or pirozhki, trouble Putin?
We have been here before, in controversies of whether the U.S. and the Western democracies should have attended the 1936 Berlin Olympic games, or whether the U.S. in 1938 should have invited Leni Riefenstahl, who directed hagiographical films of Adolf Hitler, to tour the U.S. and Hollywood film studios to advertise her propaganda film Olympia rather than ostracize her.
The ban on Russians is not complete. Evgeny Rylov, though seemingly banned, took part in the Belgian swimming competition, and the French tennis tournament remains open, but the ban is meaningful. The UEFA (Union of European Football Associations), the power of European soccer, and the FIFA (International Federation) have banned Russian clubs from their competitions. The 2022 Champion League final, which was to have taken place in St. Petersburg, has been moved to Paris. Russians have been expelled from the 2022 World Cup.
It remains for Putin to be expelled from the territory of Ukraine.
