Hillary Clinton’s private e-mail account could have been monitored numerous times during her overseas trips as the “most traveled secretary of state in history.”

She traveled to China seven times and Russia four times, and it is well-known that both the Chinese and Russian governments keep a close watch on internet traffic.  It is possible, therefore, that they intercepted her e-mails while in country.  (This assumes that her e-mails were not encrypted, which is an extra burden, since both sender and receiver have to adopt an encryption system.)  Her top aide, Huma Abedin, reportedly also used a ClintonEmail.com account, which would expose her to similar monitoring.

Other countries would likely have attempted to monitor Clinton in her travels to the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Even when not in country, it is possible that Russia and China could monitor her e-mails, since internet traffic from neighboring countries could have traversed Russia and China on their way to their final destination.

Less likely, although possible, is that the National Security Agency picked up Clinton’s e-mails through its prodigious internet traffic sniffing program.  It would at least be an interesting question for members of Congress to pose to the agency.

The only saving grace here is that Hillary was largely an ineffective secretary of state, so it is not clear that monitoring her e-mail traffic would have changed the course of history other than to further embolden the Russians and Chinese in their expansionist efforts in areas like Ukraine and the South China Sea.